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Hydraulic and Geochemical Framework of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Vadose Zone

^a USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025
^b USGS, P.O. Box 2230, Idaho Falls, ID 83401
^c USGS, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225
^d USGS, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192
^e USGS, 111 Kansas Ave SE, Huron, SD 57350

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Geographic features and selected facilities of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory and vicinity.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Geologic cross section at the INEEL Subsurface Disposal Area, illustrating interbedded basalt flows and sediments.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Depth profiles of selected properties of disturbed soil from a simulated waste trench and of nearby undisturbed soil, at a location adjacent to the INEEL Subsurface Disposal Area (Nimmo et al., 1999).

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Water retention curves measured for core samples of disturbed and undisturbed soil from the profiles illustrated in Fig. 3 (Shakofsky, 1995).

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Measured particle size distribution, water retention curves, and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of core samples of the BC sedimentary interbed near the INEEL Subsurface Disposal Area. The two samples selected for this illustration are representative of two distinct layers within this interbed, the upper layer of sandy texture and the lower layer of silt loam texture (Perkins and Nimmo, 2000).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Locations of holes sampled for investigation of sedimentary interbed properties at the INEEL Vadose Zone Research Park (modified from Bechtel BWXT Idaho, 2002).

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Texture of interbed sediments near the INEEL Vadose Zone Research Park as mapped in Fig. 6, in terms of the particle-size mean and standard deviation, showing trends with depth and with distance from the Big Lost River (BLR) (Winfield, 2003; Perkins, 2003).

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Water content profiles measured in experiments in (a, b) undisturbed and (c, d) disturbed soil at a location adjacent to the INEEL Subsurface Disposal Area (Nimmo et al., 1999). Profiles in (a) and (c) were measured during ponded infiltration; profiles in (b) and (d) were measured during redistribution with evapotranspiration suppressed.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Breakthrough of 3H transported through packed columns of (a) crushed basalt and (b) sediments (Newman et al., 1995). Point symbols represent measured concentrations; the solid curve represents model simulations.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Breakthrough of 239Pu transported through packed columns of (a) crushed basalt and (b) sediments (Newman et al., 1995). Point symbols represent measured concentrations; the solid curve represents model simulations.