Quick Search:    advanced search

GSW Home   GeoRef Home   My GSW Alerts   Contact GSW   About GSW   Journals List   Help

This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Pang, L. Articles by Hector, R. Search for Related Content GeoRef GeoRef Citation

Modeling Transport of Microbes in Ten Undisturbed Soils under Effluent Irrigation

Liping Pang^a,*, Malcolm McLeod^b, Jacqueline Aislabie^b, Jirka imnek^c, Murray Close^a and Ross Hector^a

^a Institute of Environmental Science & Research Ltd, P.O. Box 29181, Christchurch, New Zealand
^b Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, New Zealand
^c Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92507

Correspondence: ^* Corresponding author (Liping.pang{at}esr.cri.nz).

Received for publication 8 June 2007. The HYDRUS-1D mobile–immobile water model (MIM) was used to evaluate the transport of fecal coliforms, Salmonella bacteriophage, and Br in 10 soils. At a flux of 5 mm h^–1, a pulse of dairy shed effluent was applied to 30 large undisturbed lysimeters, followed by water irrigation. Soil types included clayey gley soil, clay loam, silt loam, silt loam over gravels, fine sandy loam, dune sand soil, pumice soil, and allophanic soil. Except for dune sand, modeling results showed lower mobile water contents and dispersivities for microbes than for Br, indicating the exclusion of microbes from smaller pores. The MIM-derived removal rates were in the order: volcanic soils > greywacke-derived silt loams > granular young sandy soils, and were the most variable in clayey gley loam and silt loam over gravels. Microbial reduction was 100% in allophanic soil, 16 to 18 log m^–1 in pumice soil (where the unit log is the log₁₀ reduction in maximum concentration compared with the original concentration), and was lowest in clayey gley soil (0.1–2 log m^–1). For most of the other soils, the reduction was 2 to 3 log m^–1, except for 9 to 10 log m^–1 for fecal coliforms in a fine sandy loam. The detachment rate was only 1% of the attachment rate, indicating irreversible attachment of microbes. Soil structure (macroporosity) appeared to play the most important role in the transport of microbes and Br, while soil lithology had the greatest influence on attenuation and mass exchange. The general pattern of predicted mobile water content agrees with the measured macroporosity, which is positively related to leaching vulnerability but negatively related to dispersivity.

Abbreviations: BTC, breakthrough curve • cfu, colony-forming unit, a unit indicating the number of bacteria present in a water sample • DSE, dairy-shed effluent • PV, pore volume

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Pang Microbial Removal Rates in Subsurface Media Estimated From Published Studies of Field Experiments and Large Intact Soil Cores J. Environ. Qual., June 23, 2009; 38(4): 1531 - 1559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]