|
|
 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||
 |
|||||||||||||||||
| JOURNAL HOME | HELP | CONTACT PUBLISHER | SUBSCRIBE | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
REVIEWS AND ANALYSES |
a Agrosphere (ICG-IV) Inst. of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
b Dep. of Land, Air and Water Resources, 113 Veihmeyer Hall, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616-8628
Correspondence: * Corresponding author (h.vereecken{at}fz-juelich.de)
Received for publication 9 April 2006. This review covers, in a comprehensive manner, the approaches available in the literature to upscale soil water processes and hydraulic parameters in the vadose zone. We distinguish two categories of upscaling methods: forward approaches requiring information about the spatial distribution of hydraulic parameters at a small scale, and inverse modeling approaches requiring information about the spatial and temporal variation of state variables at various scales, including so-called "soft data". Geostatistical and scaling approaches are crucial to upscale soil water processes and to derive large-scale effective fluxes and parameters from small-scale information. Upscaling approaches include stochastic perturbation methods, the scaleway approach, the stream-tube approach, the aggregation concept, inverse modeling approaches, and data fusion. With all upscaling methods, the estimated effective parameters depend not only on the properties of the heterogeneous flow field but also on boundary conditions. The use of the Richards equation at the field and watershed scale is based more on pragmatism than on a sound physical basis. There are practically no data sets presently available that provide sufficient information to extensively validate existing upscaling approaches. Use of numerical case studies has therefore been most common. More recently and still under development, hydrogeophysical methods combined with ground-based remote sensing techniques promise significant contributions toward providing high-quality data sets. Finally, most of the upscaling literature in vadose zone research has dealt with bare soils or deep vadose zones. There is a need to develop upscaling methods for real world soils, considering root water uptake mechanisms and other soil–plant–atmosphere interactions.
Abbreviations: ERT, electrical resistivity tomography • GPR, ground-penetrating radar • PTF, pedotransfer function • TDR, time domain reflectometry
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  N. J. Jarvis, J. Moeys, J. M. Hollis, S. Reichenberger, A. M. L. Lindahl, and I. G. Dubus A Conceptual Model of Soil Susceptibility to Macropore Flow Vadose Zone J., November 17, 2009; 8(4): 902 - 910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. F. Dyck and R. G. Kachanoski Measurement of Transient Soil Water Flux Across a Soil Horizon Interface Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., August 19, 2009; 73(5): 1604 - 1613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Vereecken, P. Burauel, J. Groeneweg, E. Klumpp, W. Mittelstaedt, H.-D. Narres, T. Putz, J. van der Kruk, J. Vanderborght, and F. Wendland Research at the Agrosphere Institute: From the Process Scale to the Catchment Scale Vadose Zone J., August 11, 2009; 8(3): 664 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Lambot, E. Slob, J. Rhebergen, O. Lopera, K. Z. Jadoon, and H. Vereecken Remote Estimation of the Hydraulic Properties of a Sand Using Full-Waveform Integrated Hydrogeophysical Inversion of Time-Lapse, Off-Ground GPR Data Vadose Zone J., August 11, 2009; 8(3): 743 - 754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Segal, P. Shouse, and S. A. Bradford Deterministic Analysis and Upscaling of Bromide Transport in a Heterogeneous Vadose Zone Vadose Zone J., July 7, 2009; 8(3): 601 - 610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. B. Mirus, K. S. Perkins, J. R. Nimmo, and K. Singha Hydrologic Characterization of Desert Soils with Varying Degrees of Pedogenesis: 2. Inverse Modeling for Effective Properties Vadose Zone J., May 21, 2009; 8(2): 496 - 509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhu and D. Sun Effective Soil Hydraulic Parameters for Transient Flows in Heterogeneous Soils Vadose Zone J., April 14, 2009; 8(2): 301 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Segal, S. A. Bradford, P. Shouse, N. Lazarovitch, and D. Corwin Integration of Hard and Soft Data to Characterize Field-Scale Hydraulic Properties for Flow and Transport Studies Vadose Zone J., August 1, 2008; 7(3): 878 - 889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Logsdon, E. Perfect, and A. M. Tarquis Multiscale Soil Investigations: Physical Concepts and Mathematical Techniques Vadose Zone J., May 27, 2008; 7(2): 453 - 455. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Lovejoy, A. M. Tarquis, H. Gaonac'h, and D. Schertzer Single- and Multiscale Remote Sensing Techniques, Multifractals, and MODIS-Derived Vegetation and Soil Moisture Vadose Zone J., May 27, 2008; 7(2): 533 - 546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Tarquis, N. R. A. Bird, A. P. Whitmore, M. C. Cartagena, and Y. Pachepsky Multiscale Entropy-based Analysis of Soil Transect Data Vadose Zone J., May 27, 2008; 7(2): 563 - 569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Vrugt, P. H. Stauffer, Th. Wohling, B. A. Robinson, and V. V. Vesselinov Inverse Modeling of Subsurface Flow and Transport Properties: A Review with New Developments Vadose Zone J., May 27, 2008; 7(2): 843 - 864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| JOURNAL HOME | HELP | CONTACT PUBLISHER | SUBSCRIBE | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
